Efficacy of medicinal plants as anti-parasitic drugs against Theileria sp. in vitro culture of infected bovine erythrocytes
1998
Nopporn Sarataphan | Chanutri Kerdmanee | Kosum Chansiri | Peerapan Tan-ariya | Chockchai Nokdhes | Gaysorn Chansiri (Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok (Thailand). National Institute of Animal Health. Parasitology section)
Benign bovine Theileria piroplasm, a closely related parasite to Theileria sergenti Chitose stock (C-type), was obtained from a splenectomized beef calf and was subsequently short-term cultured in Medium 199 with Hank's salts in the supplement of 40 percent fetal bovine serum. The intraerythrocytic development and multiplication of the parasites were observed from two experiments of the cultures which were established by using 17.3 and 20.0 percent of Theileria piroplasms infected calf blood samples of 8 and 12 days after splenectomy, respectively. At 0 hr of the in vitro culture, the parasitized erythrocytes contained ring form piroplasms of approximately 20 percent without quadruplet froms. Within 24 hours of cultivation, the number of ring and quadruplet forms in infected erythrocytes were developed to approximately 78.5 and 6 percent, respectively. The average mortality rate of the two experiments were 3.5 and 28.5 percent at 24 hrs and 40 hrs of cultivations. Five medicinal plants of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less., Alstonia scholaris, Linn., Oroxylum indicum, Linn. Kurz, Alyxia reinwardtii BL. var. lucida Markgr., R. Br., and Barringtonia acutangula Gaerth. were extracted in boiling water and dried under vacuum. Series of two-fold dilution of the crude extracts were established by using the complete Medium 199 with Hank's salts in the present of 5 percent parasite infected blood suspension. The effective concentration of 50 percent mortality (EC50) at 24 hrs were 9.8, 78.1, 468.5, 675.0, 1875, 1875 and 1875 micro g/ml of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less, bark and stem of Alstonia scholaris, Linn., root of bark of Oroxylum indicum, Linn. Kurz, Alyxia reinwardtii BL. var. lucida Markgr., R. Br. and Barringtonia acutangula Gaertha, respectively. The data suggested that the effective concentration of 40-50 percent mortality was 9.8 micro g/ml of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less., bark of Oraxylum indicum, Linn. Kurz and stem/bark of Alstonia scholaris, Linn.
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