The winter moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in oak forests in Serbia [Yugoslavia]. [Doctoral dissertation]
2002
Glavendekic, M.
The research was carried out in oak forests of Serbia (Yugoslavia) in the period 1989-1999. The task of the research was to determine the qualitative composition of winter moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), to study their bionomy and population dynamics, to record winter moth parasitoids and hyperparasitoids, to define the role of parasitoids in the regulation of winter moth population and to develop and enhance the methods of biological control of winter moths. We define the winter moths as group of species that, as the winter moth, fly during autumn till early spring, females are apetrous or they have reduced wings, they overwinter in egg or pupal stages, the first instar larvae disperse by ballooning. During the research of winter moths in oak forests of Serbia (Yugoslavia) we recorded 9 outbreaking winter moths species. There are 38 parasitoids species recorded. We recorded altogether 12 species of winter moth hyperparasitoids. The method of winter moth exposure was applied in egg and larvae stages. While total parasitism in the natural population rarely exceeded 20%, in the exposed conditions more than 60% parasitised caterpillars were recorded. The method of host exposure could be suitable for the local increase of abundance of parasitoids of winter moth eggs, larvae and pupae.
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