Bionomics of bothynoderes obliquifasciatus Menetries (col.: Curculionidae) and its IPM strategy in sugar beet in Iran
2001
Zarrabi, M. (Plant Pest and Diseases Research Inst., Tehran (Iran)) | Ganbalani, G.N.
The sugar beet weevil Bothynoderes obliquifasciatus Germ. is a serious pest of sugar beet in warm regions of Iran. The life cycle of this pest is synchronized with the phenology of the spring beet. The overwintered adult weevils immigrate to the beet fields in early spring and feed hardly on beet seedlings during afternoons and then mate. The female lay their eggs individually on the upper surface of the cotyledons. The larvae emerge after 7-10 days and feed on leaves near their eggs cases and make a hole in it and fall down to the cracks in soil just near the root. Larvae produce descending injuries to the roots, delaying their development. This injury provides suitable conditions to the infection by the root pathogenic agents. The 4th instar larvae pupate in their feeding hole in roots or in a soil cocoon near the ground. The adults of new generation appear in early July and overlap with the past one. At harvest, the adults of these generations emigrate to desert area for hibernation. It was found that the population of the adult weevils increases in early May and decreases before June in the beet fields. There was a second increase in July again and finally a crash in late August. The integrated pest management (IPM) program of this pest can be based uppon three main control methods; biological control against the hibernator adults during the winter; chemical control against adults and eggs in early spring; and cultural control in summer and also after harvesting in late autumn.
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