Drug residues in environment. Estimation of fluoroquinolones in soil and food plants
2003
Lillenberg, M. | Roasto, M. | Puessa, T. (Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu (Estonia))
All drugs approved by the authorities have undergone pharmacokinetic and animal toxicological studies. But there is still lack of knowledge about their fate and effects on the environment. After excretion, these drugs and their metabolites can contaminate the environment. Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum synthetic antibiotics used both in human and veterinary medicine. There exists a couple of structurally very closely related fluoroquinolones - enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The last one is the main metabolite of the first. Enrofloxacine with its metabolites enters the manure and further the soil. It has been shown that both fluoroquinolones are strongly adsorbed to soil and resistant to physical, chemical and microbiological attacks. The fluoroquinolones can be uptaken by plants growing in soil fertilised with manure and in such way finally reach human as well as animal food. Very small amounts of broad spectrum antibiotics in everyday food may generate the strains of resistant microorganisms in human and animal organism. There is scare data available concerning the actual fate and effect of the drug residues in the environment and in food plants. Methods of quantitative assay of these compounds are needed. The aim of the research was to study the uptake and accumulation of fluoroquinolones by plants cultivated in soil amended with drugs. For that purpose microbiological agar-diffusion method for estimation of content of antibiotics residues in plants and soil was put up. In the role of testorganism Bacillus subtilis was used. The results were controlled by chromatography (HPLC) after 10 months
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