Phylogenetic geographic distribution analysis of Thai pupillid micro land snails
2002
Panha, S. | Tongkerd, P. | Sutcharit, C. (Chulong-Korn Univ., Bangkok 10330 (Thailand). Dept. of Biology) Burch, J.B.
The micro land snails family Pupillidae are worldwide in distribution. The Southeast Asian shell morphological characteristics perform very unique forms and distribution patterns. Those characters brought about various evolutionary questions. The basic taxonomy of pupillid snails is still heavily based on shell morphology. This study makes use of both shell morphology and DNA sequence analysis in the taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Pupillidae. The Thai pupillid micro land snails were collected from almost all limestone mountains and hills and then identified using the following major literatures: Pilsbry (1916-1918); Baker (1935); Panha and Burch (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000) and Thompson and Upatham (1998). The distinct localities were recorded using GPS [geographic positioning system], white limestone areas were sketched. Molecular gene trees (both 16s mitochndrial and 28s nuclear ribosomal gene fragments) were generated. The analysis confirmed the significance of transition between northern Indochinese and southern Indomalay (Sundaic) micro land snail fauna assemblages at the Isthmus of Kra area (close to 10-degree North). Hyselostoma Khaowongensis is the dominant morphotypes in the northern species and Gyliotrachella Khaochongensis in the south. There was a good agreement among apertural tooth-based taxonomic groupings and the combined gene tree, highest for Gyliotrachela, and least for Hypelostoma and Anauchen. Geographic proximate taxa tend to share recent ancestry and evolutionary transitions in ecology and shell morphology may occur rapidly in some pupillid lineages. Baker (1935) arranged five distinct sub-families but the present results showed that Gastrocoptinae and Vertiginae are arranged in the same clade, separated from Pupillinae
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