Effect of reduced soil tillage systems and the fertilisation on quantitative and qualitative harvest parameters in triticum durum

Aim of the work was to study the effect of various soil tillage systems and several fertilization levels on the grain yield and some technological value characteristics in two varieties (Istrodur and Vendur) of winter wheat Triticum durum f. winter. Field polyfactorial trials were established in years 1999-2001 in the corn production area (site of Dolna Malanta, south-west of the Slovak Republic), which belongs to warm agroclimatic regions and very dry subregions (an altitude of 201 m) with an year average temperatures of 9.7 degree C and year precipitation of 561 mm. Regarding precipitation the production season 1998-1999 was wet, up to +132 mm compare to the normal, the season 1999-2000 was dry with precipitation deficit of -176 mm compare to the normal and precipitation during 2000-2001 was normal with deficit -72 mm compare to the normal. The temperature level during three experimental years varied compare to the normal +0.1 degree C, +0.40 degree C and +1.70 degree C. Three soil tillage systems were applied during the experiment: O + PZ - tillage with plough-in of forecrop residues - stubble ploughing up to 80 mm, medium tillage with straw ploughdown up to the depth of 180-220 mm; O - PZ - tillage without plough-in of forecrop residues - stubble ploughing up to 80 mm, medium tillage up to the depth of 180-220 mm (the straw was moved and carried away), RED - reduced soil tillage system, the Mars cultivator usage up to the depth of 120-150 mm (the straw was moved and carried away). Four fertilization variants were used in each soil tillage system: O - unfertilised control variant; 80 N - 80 N: 18 P: 74 K; 120 N-1 - 120 N: 18P: 74K; 120 N-2 - 120 N: 18P: 74K - the nitrogen rate was determined with regard to the amount of easy hydrolysed nitrogen in the soil. Forecrop was the winter form of Brassica napus convar. napus. Results were evaluated statistically by the method of multiple variance analysis. From the results of Istrodur and Vendur varieties was found out a highly significant increase in the grain yield and in some technological quality parameters due to year conditions and agrotechnical measurements. As the optimal one for the Istrodur variety, a tillage system using tillage with stubble ploughing, an optimal fertilisation level of 172 NPK kg/ha and resulting in the highest grain yield of 6.64 t/ha. In case of the Vendur variety was used the reduced soil tillage system applying 212 kg/ha of NPK, the nitrogen rate was determined with regard to the amount of easy hydrolysed nitrogen in the soil and to the highest grain yield of 6.77 t/ha. According to the technological quality parameters statistically most significantly was affected the content of wet gluten where the highest values were obtained in the variant with tillage and stubble ploughing and the fertilization rate of 172 NPK kg/ha (20.09% and 22.9%). The highest grain glassiness (80.29% and 91.06 %) was observed in the variant with reduced soil tillage system and the NPK rate of 212 kg/ha. Results have indicated the possibilities of reduced soil tillage system in the Triticum durum production with regard to environment conditions