Haemogregarina bigemina (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) - past, present and future. A review
2004
Davies, A.J. | Hayes, P.M. | Seddon, A.M. | Wertheim, D. (Kingston Univ., Kingston upon Thames (United Kingdom)) | Smit, N.J.
This paper reviews past, current and likely future research on Haemogregarina bigemina, recorded already from 96 species of fishes, across 70 genera and 34 families. In its type hosts and other fishes, the parasite undergoes intraerythrocytic binary fission, finally forming mature paired gamonts. An intraleukocytic phase is also reported, but not from the type hosts. Past studies show that young fish acquire the haemogregarine when close to metamorphosis, but vertical and faecal-oral transmission seem unlikely. Some fish haemogregarines are leech-transmitted, but where fish populations with H. bigemina have been studied, these annelids are largely absent. However, haematophagous larval gnathiid isopods occur on such fishes and may be readily eaten by them. Sequential squashes of gnathiids from fishes with H. bigemina have demonstrated development of the haemogregarine in these isopods. Examination of histological sections through gnathiids is now underway to determine the precise development sites of the haemogregarine, particularly whether merozoites finally invade the salivary glands.
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