Floral sex expression and pollination affects low fruit set of mango cvs. Khiew Sawoey and Falan
1998
Montree Issarakraisila (Walailak Univ., Nakhon Sri Thammarat (Thailand). Inst. of Agricultural Technology)
Studies on factors affecting fruit set of mango cv. Khiew Sawoey were investigated at two locations in the central region of Thailand at Chachoengsao and Suphan Buri provinces. Anthesis at both locations was in January 1997. The percentages of hermaphrodite flowers on inflorescences at Chachoengsao and Suphan Buri were only 3.0 and 4.6, respectively. Pollen viability of flowers collected from each place during the flower opening period varied between 50-75 percent. The viability of pollen at Chachoengsao was slightly lower than at Suphan Buri. Pollination of mango flowers at Chachoengsao, as measured by the number of hermaphrodite flowers which had germinated pollen in their sigma, was very low reaching only 14 percent at the end of anthesis. However, pollination at Suphan Buri was between 13-25 percent through the anthesis period. The combination of both a low hermaphrodite flower ratio and pollination was reflected in fruit set. Fruit set at Chachoengsao was only 3.6 percent as measured by the number of inflorescences which had a fruitlet compared with 10.9 percent at Suphan Buri. Observation at mid-anthesis showed that the peak number of insect visitation on mango flowers at Chachoengsao was only 5 insects per hour per 20 inflorescences whereas the number at Suphan Buri was 14. Causes and effects of low fruit set on mango cv. Khiew Sawoey and horticultural implications to improve the fruit set are discussed.
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