Identification of active principles of M. balsamina (Balsam apple) leaf extract
2004
Karumi, Y.,University of Maiduguri (Nigeria). Dept. of Biochemistry)Onyeyili,P.A
Momordica balsamina leaf was investigated for it's chemical and traceselemental content. The air-dried samples were subjected to soxlet extraction usingthe solvents petroleum ether, methanol and water of different polarities. Theextract fractions were concentrated and subjected to phytochemical screening toidentify which component was high in concentration. The aqueous fraction, whichis commonly used by traditional herbal healers, was further, subjected to columnchromatographic separation and the recombined fraction of the column wasfurther subjected to thin layer chromatography for identification. The air-driedsample was digested and analyzed for trace elements using atomic absorptionspectroscopy. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid inhigh concentration followed by saponins, tannins and reducing compound,respectively. Sterols and triteperes were absent in all the solvents used. Theanalysis of the recombined column fraction of the aqueous extract indicated thepresence of the tannins in two of ten fractions, alkaloids in four, saponins in twoand the last fraction indicated the presence of reducing compounds. The thinlayer chromatography identified the presence of alkaloids, saponins and tanninsin the different fractions of the column. In conclusion therefore, M. balsamina asshown here do posses some active chemical constitutes like alkaloids, tannins,saponins, Fe, Zn and Mn.
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