Adaptability to variable weather conditions and irrigation response in NS sunflower hybrids
2005
Maksimovic, L. (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia and Montenegro)), E-mail: [email protected]
Sunflowers are annually grown in Serbia at 150,000 to 200,000 ha, with average yields of about 2.0 t/ha. Yield variations are due to uneven and unfavourably distributed rainfall. Under irrigation, yield reach 3 t/ha in commercial production and 4 to 5 t/ha in experiments. In 2000-2004, two sunflower hybrids developed at Novi Sad Institute were tested in irrigation trials on a chernozem soil. In 2000, which was dry, the average yields with and without irrigation were 5.04 t/ha and 3.97 t/ha, respectively. In 2001, which was rainy, yields with and without irrigation were similar, around 3 t/ha. In 2002, which was moderately dry, the average yields with and without irrigation were similar, around 4.5 t/ha, due to development of diseases in irrigation. In 2003, which was extremelly warm and dry, sunflower yields were reduced because of a short growing season. The average irrigation effect for the two tested hybrids was 27%, and as much as 51% for the hybrid Dukat. In 2004, which was very favorable for production, sunflower yields were uniform and quality was high. Irrigation practice positively affected oil yield of both hybrids, especially in the dry years. These results justify the application of irrigation practice in sunflower production. The hybrid NS-H-111 exhibited high adaptability and yield stability when grown under variable weather conditions. The hybrid Dukat showed to be suitable for late planting and double cropping when grown in irrigation.
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