Recent topics of animal health and management
2004
Nakai, Y. (Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan)) | Satoh, M. | Wakase, S.
Our recent work regarding pathogenic parasites of domestic and wild animals and microbial communities in the composting processes has been summarized. Cryptosporidiosis is one of the important protozoan zoonotic diseases that causes diarrhea and occasionally death of humans, domestic animals, and wild vertebrates. We isolated a novel type of C. andersoni from cattle that grazed on the Kawatabi farm in Tohoku University, and we refer to this strain as the C. andersoni Kawatabi strain. We also isolated cryptosporidian oocysts from a dog and large Japanese field mice, Apodemus speciosus. Gene analysis suggested possibilities to be a novel type of C. canis (C. parvum dog genotype) and a new species of Cryptosporidium, respectively. A commercial microbiological additive (MA) was effective in the composting process, e.g., quicker elevation of temperature, lower emission of ammonia gas, and lower production of nitrate. Functional microbes obtained by the cultivation method with the MA did not coincide with the dominant species in the microbial community detected by DNA analyses. Various species of microbes in the MA grew at 55 and 72 deg C incubation; however, they did not coincide with the dominant species detected in chicken manure composting processes. It was clarified that the MA contained a variety of microbes, including thermophilic microbes and that these microbes did not become dominant during the composting processes. However, microbes in the MA that are smaller in number than the dominant species may act functionally in the composting process.
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