[Influence of intensity of drainage and agricultural usage of land on durability of peat soils in Meshchersk woodlands]
2007
Mazhajskij, Yu.A. | Tomin, Yu.A. | Korshunova, E.G.,Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). All-Russia Research Inst. of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation
Results of many-year experimental research into influence of intensity of drainage and agricultural usage of land on the process of transformation of peat soils in Meshchersk lowlands are presented. A scheme of usage of peat-marsh soils in crop rotation depending on the peat deposit capacity are suggested. Research have shown that after one year period of peat-marsh reclamation the content on nitrates in peat soil practically is absened. Their formation increases in process of cultivation. Thus over 5 years of usage in layer 0-50 cm the content of nitrate nitrogen was 52,2 mg/100g, and over 12 years – 91,0 mg/100g soil. Its excess quantity has been observed in arable layer of 0-30 cm. It adversely affects an ecological state of production. Mineralization of peat organic matter significantly depends on intensity drainage norm. According to research the largest quantity of nitrate nitrogen is observed on the reclamation lot with the level of ground water 120 cm (on average) during vegetation period. Their least content is marked on the reclamation lot with the level of ground water 65 cm from soil surface. In process of increase in term use of peat soils a volume weight increases. Porosity reduces and the general moisture capacity as well. Under influence of drainage the cultivation and long use the peat soils are exposed to significant physical, chemical and biological change. Peat is condensed, exposed and mineralized. In this connection evaluation of peat soils change during the process of their exploitation has been done and criteria of permissible changes have worked out at which organic matter has their own structure typical for peat soils
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