[Phyto- and genotoxic cadmium effects on winter rye plants]
2007
Goncharov, N.V. | Lopareva, E.A. | Lojko, A.K.,A.D. Sakharov International State Ecological Univ., Minsk (Belarus)
Complex and methodically not carried out is the question about the content of pollutants in plants tissues and oppression of growth processes. Two criteria of estimation are most often used: rates of productive process, and finally a crops yield; accumulation of heavy metals in organs of plants. In number of research top critical level of potentially toxic metals (silver, arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chrome, copper, mercury, lithium, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, the titan, vanadium and zinc) for plants is established. At estimation of toxicity the regulations are accepted, that the level of productivity depends basically on concentration of toxic elements in actively growing fabrics, and as the test downturn of a crop is taken not less than 10 %. In the literature for criterion of an estimation of stability of plants to heavy metals many researchers take an effective doze of metal (ED50) at which there is a decrease in a crop half. In given research the primary toxic action of ions of cadmium in concentration 10E-6, 10E-4,10E-2 mol/l on viability of seeds of a winter rye is shown. It is shown, that effects of germination of seeds can be hindered by small concentration of ions of heavy metals. Obtained data testify in use of that toxic effects caused by heavy metals attack early stages of ontogenesis of plant organism. In meristem cells there are irreversible changes, cells cease to share and the plant perishes. Coleoptile piece was the sensitive phytotestom on presence of ions of cadmium at the water environment. This phytotest allows to register authentically presence of ions of cadmium at concentration of the last 0,5 х 10E-4 mg/ml that there correspond 0,005 PDK for drinking water. The raised sensitivity of Coleoptile to action of the cadmium, shown at a level of physiological reactions has allowed to make the assumption of possible genetic action of connections of cadmium on plants. Gnotoxicity of cadmium was estimated with anaphased method defining output and spectrum of structural chromosomes aberration in cells of root meristem of winter rye
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