Effect of cake fertilizer on the pigments degradation and related enzyme activities in flue-cured tobacco

Китайский. 采用盆栽方法研究了饼肥对烤烟叶片发育过程中色素降解及相关生理变化.结果表明,饼肥处理叶绿素、叶绿素酶活性、总类胡萝卜素整个生育期含量均较高;无机肥处理在烤烟叶片发育过程中叶绿素的a/b比例保持基本恒定,而饼肥处理促进叶绿素a的代谢.饼肥对新黄质前中期起促进积累作用,中后期起促进代谢作用;饼肥显著促进叶黄质、β-胡萝卜素积累;对紫黄质的影响两处理效应大致相同.无机肥处理的脂氧合酶（LOX）活性在烤烟发育前期高于饼肥处理,30 d后一直低于饼肥处理.饼肥调整了发育末期类胡萝卜素类物质组分比例和色素与相关酶类的关系.

Английский. Plastid pigments are important natural products in flue-cured tobacco and there are about two types such as chlorophyll and carotenoid. In green tobacco two major chlorophylls are present： chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b（ Fig. 1 ）. Four major carotenoids are present： lutein, beta-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin（Fig.5）. It is known that carotenoid degradation products such as beta-ionone, damascenone, beta-damascone, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohex-2,4-dione and the megastigmatrienones are important to the aroma of flue-cured tobacco. Cake fertilizer can increase the qualities of flue-cured tobacco leaves, as we know. Our knowledge of pigments degradation pathways is limited to studies of enzymatic degradation in tomatoes, the degradation of beta-carotene by a tea flavanols. Study on pigments degradation and related enzyme activities and the effect of cake fertilizer can improve the quality-formed theories of flue-cured tobacco. Pot experiment was conduction to study the effect of cake fertilizer on the pigments metabolism and relating enzyme activity of growing flue-cured tobacco leaf. Two types fertilizer were performed： mineral fertilizer and 50% mineral fertilizer matched 50% cake fertilizer. Results obtained are as follows： The content of chlorophyll, chlorophyllase, camtenoids during the growth of flue-cured tobacco leaf under the cake fertilizer. Under the mineral fertilizer, the proportion of chlorophyll a/b was holding invariableness, but the proportion of chlorophyll a/b was lower during the later senescence under the cake fertilizer. Dr, ring the former and metaphase the content of neoxanthin under the cake fertilizer was more, but it was changed during the later phase. The content of lutein and β-carotene in condition of cake fertilizer were remarked more than theirs in the mineral fertilizer condition. Two conditions had sameness effect on vioxanthin. During the former phase of flue-cured tobacco leaf the activity of LOX（mineral） were higher, but after 30 days the activity of LOX（Cake） were remarkable higher than minerals. Proportion of the carotenoids and the relation of the pigment and relating enzyme had changed under the cake fertilizer.