Use of cover crop for weed management in orchards as compared to chemical and mechanical weed control
2003
Samedani, Batoul(Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute)
A field experiment was conducted at Quosar Orchard in Qazvin during 1998-2000 in a randomized complete block design with three replications to compare influence of rye (160 kg/ha), wheat (170 kg/ha), vetch (45 kg/ha), glyphosate(6 l/ha) and cultivation on weed management, growth, yield and soil of nectarine orchards (Prunus persicea L.). Results showed that rye (Secale cereale L.) had the highest leaf area index and dry weight before cutting. Weeds were controlled by rye, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) before cutting by 81.2, 77.2 , 17.3% in first year and 96.7, 96.9 and 89.3% in second year, respectively. Tansy mustard (Descurainia sophia) in first year and henbit (Lamium amplexicaula L.) and madwort (Asperugo procumbens L.) in second year were the most important winter annual weeds. Rye, wheat and vetch, after cutting, and glyphosate controlled 48, 74, 51.5, 50.5% of weeds in first year and 73, 65, 58 and 81% in second year compared to control, respectively. Milk weed (Cynanchum acutum), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and prostate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.) were the dominant weeds in both years. In the first year rye, wheat, vetch and glyphosate controlled 92, 100, 32 and 68% of prostate knotweed, respectively. In the second year rye, wheat, vetch and glyphosate controlled 67, 55, 45 and 72% of milk weed, 73, 67, 60 and 85% of field bindweed and 100, 100, 100 and 56% of prostate knotweed, respectively. All treatments had no significant effect on the growth of nectarine orchards. Control had the lowest yield, but other treatments had no significant difference. All treatments had no significant effect on physical soil propertists. Glyphosate increased soil pH. of nectarine orchards.
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