Comparison of the Different Planting Systems and Seeding Rates Effects on Quantity and Quality of Bread Wheat cultivar of Pishtaz and Selecting the most Economical System

This experiment was conducted for crop seasons of 79-80 and 80-81 in the experimental farm of Seed and Plant improvement Institute in Karaj. In order to compare effects of the different planting systems of Reform (traditional), Hamedani (conventional) and Rolling (new) in different seeding rates of 80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 kg/ha in advanced bread wheat of Pishtaz cultivar. The experimental design was RCBD in split-plot arrangement with three replications. The planting systems and seeding rates assigned to the main and subplots, respectively. According to results what made different between the aforementioned systems was their heterogeneity in planting seeds, stand establishment and grain yield. This goal was fulfilled using rolling system through maximum grain and straw yield that is an economical seeding system for the farmers. But in Reform seeder grain yield was less than other systems. because the seeds were planted in much more depth due to making furrows after planting seeds in leveled land. Results showed that two major yield components of spike and seed number in unit area were the most effective ones reaching yield potential of the studied variety. Since the interaction of systems x seeding rates was significant in 1% probability, the best seeding rates for the above systems were 140 kg/ha for Reform and 110 kg/ha for Hamedani and Rolling seeders. The orthogonal test for seeding rates showed quadratic response for grain and straw yield, It means that if planting the variety in optimum date and use seeding rates more than recommended, it would diminish grain and straw yield. Grain yields more than 10 t/ha is achievable, provided that some recommendations such as optimum seeding system, sowing date and rate is considered. Finally calibration of any seeder before planting is a prerequisite. Based on the results of economic analysis, c3d1 and c3d2 treatments comparing with the other treatments had the highest net income and the lowest cost. Thus, increasing income of c3d2 to c3d1 was more than the increasing cost of c3d2 to c3d1.So, c3d2(rolling seeders and seeding rate 110 kg/ha) was the best treatment. The mean benefit and cost production of c3d2 treatment was 4.8 and 10.4 million rials ha-1, respectively.The results of the qualitative parameteres showed that maximum grain protein percentage(12.1%, exclusively in medium class) was related to the treatment combination of Rolling seeder and seeding rate of 110 Kg ha-1 . The Zeleny number, Hardness index, Wet and Dry gluten parameteres related to the tretment concerned were 35(strong class), 64(hard class), 31(medium class) and 10.3(medium class), respectively. These results are matched with the quantitaive and economical ones and the treatment combination of rolling seeder and seeding rate of 110 kg ha-1 is the best and recommended.