Plant diversity in a Subanen Community in Mount Malindang Natural Park, Philippines

This study focused on the inventory of plant diversity along the three levels of biodiversity in Barangay [village] Lake Duminagat, Don Victoriano, Misamis Occidental, documentation of subanon indigenous classification of biodiversity resources, and documentation of Subanon beliefs and practices related to biodiversity conservation and management in Mount Malindang Natural Park (MMNP). Results of the study showed that MMNP is biologically diverse along the three levels of biodiversity. At the ecosystem level, various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems contributed to ecosystem diversity. At the species level, mostly forest tree species achieved the highest importance value in different ecological zones. Furthermore, the differentiation of crops into several varieties in Subanon agroecosystem revealed genetic diversity. Results of the study also disclosed that Subanons classify biodiversity resources based on indigenous uses, which contributed to use diversity along the three levels of biodiversity. Subanens also possess some beliefs and practices related to biodiversity utilization, conservation and management. First, Subanens believe that MMNP is their ultimate home, legacy and last frontier. Thus MMNP deserves protection. Second, Subanens look up to their post leader Pedro "Mali" Villamino as a source of instruction and inspiration in utilizing and managing Lake Duminagat and the forests. Third, Subanens consider Lake Duminagat as very sacred, thus the use of Lake Duminagat is governed by some indigenous sanctions. Fourth, Subanens believe that Lake Duminagat and adjacent forests are interdependent. Thus, the adjacent forests need to be conserved in order to sustain the water in the Lake. Fifth, Subanens believe that there are various spirits living in different parts of the environment. And in view of their observance of tabiya (self-regulation because of the fear that spirits might be offended), access to and u tilization of biodiversity are regulated. Sixth, Subanens perform a set of rituals called Kano, which facilitates community interactions that contribute to resolutions of some issues and concerns which include biodiversity utilization and management.