Simulation of contaminant transport to mitigate environmental effects of wastewater in river Ravi
2006
Saeed, M.M. (Higher Education Commission, Islamabad (Pakistan)) | Bahzad, A. (Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad (Pakistan))
River Ravi has turned into a sludge carrier for Lahore city. More than 28 m3/sec wastewater is being disposed off into it without any treatment. On the other hand, the discharge in the river Ravi is highly variable ranging from 10 m3/sec to 3,000 m3 /sec. Low flows in the river increases the pollutant concentration to the level dangerous for sustaining aquatic life. There are two possible options to reduce the environmental degradation in the river, either to treat wastewater before disposal or to dilute the wastewater concentration by releasing more freshwater into the river. In the present paper, the second option is evaluated taking into consideration the dilution option by discharging freshwater from Marala-Ravi (MR) Link Canal. QUAL2E model is used to simulate contaminant transport at various flow conditions. Two important parameters of aquatic environment, i.e. dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand, were considered in this study . A river reach of 84 km from Ravi Siphon to Balloki Headworks was selected. The model was calibrated both for low and high flows using the river discharge and wastewater inflow. The study revealed that under existing river flow and wastewater loads, 26 to 92 m3/sec of freshwater from MR Link Canal is required to maintain dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 4.5 mg/I during different times in the year. This will range from 57 to 153 m3/sec in next 10 years to maintain the above water quality standard.
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Эту запись предоставил National Agricultural Research Centre