Achievements in sunflower breeding for resistance to diseases, broomrape and insects
2006
Skoric, D.(Naucni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad (Serbia)) | Jocic, S.(Naucni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad (Serbia)) | Gvozdenovic, S.(Naucni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad (Serbia))
Sunflower breeders have managed to discover in the wild species genes for resistance to a number of pathogens and they have incorporated them into cultivated sunflower genotypes by interspecific hybridization. Still, the frequent appearance of new races of downy mildew, rust and broomrape requires the breeders to remain constantly active in finding and incorporating new resistance genes into this crop. Successful breeding efforts have resulted in the incorporation of genes for resistance to Plasmopara halstedii, Puccinia helianthi, Verticillium wilt, Eryshiphe cichoracearum and Orobanche cummana into cultivated sunflower genotypes from wild Helianthus species. High tolerance towards Phomopsis, Macrophomina, Albugo and Alternaria has been incorporated as well. High degrees of tolerance to Sclerotinia and Phoma have also been attained. The use of new biotechnology methods, especially the molecular market techniques, speeds up the process of discovering new resistance sources. This becomes very important with diseases whose inheritance is polygenic in character. Sunflower breeding for resistance to insects has thus far produced more modest results, with the exception of the sunflower moth, resistance to which has been discovered in the wild species and incorporated into the cultivated sunflower.
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