Soil Anthropization 8.

In the soil anthropization research it is inevitable to: 1) recognize and define the role and significance of human influence and impact on soil (time factor and composition of substrate is presented as some of the important factors), 2) define and assess soils occurred in urbanized, industrial, traffic and mining areas with respect to their heterogeneity and genetic principles, 3) consider and reflect anthropogenic soils (mainly man-made soils) and leading to the definition of soil alone - is it soil, or non-soil, or soil body? Where is limitation to soil definition or can we change traditional perceiving of the soil?, 4) consider the problem of terminology confusion which appeared in many scientific references and leads to the no-unified perceiving and each to other understanding. Examples: - How do we understand urban soils, what is their definition and delineation on the map - How do we understand anthropogenic soils, what is their definition and delineation on the map - How do we understand other terms like artificial soils, man-made soils, soil-like bodies (technozem) and are they by their meaning? - How do we distinguish such terms as rehabilitation, reclamation, renaturalization, revitalization, remediation, recultivation?, 5) classify anthropogenic soils and urban soils, observe obstacles in definitions of diagnostic horizons, layer, features and intergrades type classification, 6) consider the problem of diagnostic features, properties of characteristics of anthropogenic material (substrate), is it cover of original soils, replaced material, domestic waste, mine waste, etc. Technogenic material is the contrast of natural material e.g. urban, or industrial made, building rubble, ashes, mud, slag, cinder, garbage dump and compost (Is it minimum depth 20 cm?). - How to define technogenic material (substrate), what feature is the main differentiation criterion - Is anthroskelet presence and how do we quantify it? - Is phosphorus presence and how do we quantify it? - To what depth has this layer or substrate to be considered?, 7) determine the scale of urban soils mapping, it is recommended not more than 1: 25.000 to be based on maps of 1:5.000 or 1:10.000, for more detailed soil survey and mapping scale 1:2.000 or 1:1.500 is appropriate, 8) carry out a qualification of urban soils in relation to their environmental functions and declared generally a worse soil quality of urban soils, the problem of brown fields and derelict land is therefore always. 9) consider archaeological sites to be subjects of anthropogenic soil research or not? Cultural layers and horizons are often occurred in historical urban areas and old settlements, e.g. content of phosphorus in amount of 1 000 mg.kg~1 li proposed as diagnostic horizon of anthropogenic soils?, 10) new approach to soil survey, description, methodology and analyses is an inevitable tool for non-time-consuming research, e.g. method of magnetic susceptibility is available in aspect to heavy metal content monitoring in urban and industrial areas. 11) actualize ongoing reactions and progressive development of certain issues, e.g. in Bratislava yearly extent of consumption is 140 ha, continuous environmental loads and pollution, health of urban population, adequate use of urban sites, etc. 12) identify the need about the awareness of soil anthropization ideas, their promotion and enhancement have to be done.