Influence of Wote super absorbent on the soil environment and the growth of watermelon

Китайский. 在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区，以不施保水剂为对照，开展了沃特和PAM保水剂对西瓜生长及土壤环境影响的研究。结果表明，施用沃特和PAM降低了西瓜缓苗期的地表最高温度，提高了地表的平均温度、最低温度及10 cm土层和20 cm土层的土壤温度，增加了土壤的含水量，特别是开花坐瓜期0~30 cm土层的土壤含水量。西瓜幼苗的成活率随沃特和PAM施用量的增加而提高。沃特和PAM保水剂的施用促进了西瓜主蔓和根系的生长，增强了叶片的光合作用能力，增加了西瓜的生物量，使西瓜的成熟期提前，产量和产值增加，水分利用效率显著提高。相同施用量的沃特与PAM相比，对西瓜生长及土壤环境的影响差异均不显著。沃特和PAM在西瓜上的适宜使用量均为每株1.5~2.0 g，即16.67~22.22 kg/hm2。

Английский. Compared with the loess hilly and gully regions of northern Shaanxi without using Wote super absorbent and PAM, influence of Wote and PAM on the soil environment and the growth of watermelon had been researched. The result showed that Wote and PAM increased the average temperature of the earth's surface, temperatures of 10 cm soil, 20 cm soil and the lowest temperature of the earth’s surface, but reduced the highest temperature of the earth’s surface in reviving phase. Soil moisture was increased by using Wote and PAM, and the soil moisture of 0-30 cm soil in florescence and fruiting phase was also increased. The surviving percent of watermelon seedling increased with the increasing of quantities of Wote and PAM. It was Wote and PAM that promoted the growth of main tendrilled vine and roots, enhanced the photosynthesis, increased watermelon biomass, moved the harvest phase up, increased the yields and the production value, and obviously increased the water use efficiency of watermelon. There were not remarkable differences betwen the soil environment and the growth of watermelon when Wote and PAM were used same quantities. Suitable quantities of Wote and PAM for watermelon should be 1.5-2.0 g plant, or 16.67-22.22 kg/hm2.