Effects of different ridging mode and the methods of applying potassium fertilizer on the contents of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco

Китайский. 为了给优质高香气烟叶生产提供技术支撑，以河南南阳烤烟为试材，共设5个处理：①常规栽培方式（CK）；②平栽二次培土成垄，钾肥作基肥1次施入；③平栽二次培土成垄，钾肥分次施用（钾肥60%作基肥，20%于团棵期追施，20%于园顶期追施）；④低起垄二次培土成垄，钾肥作基肥1次施入；⑤低起垄二次培土成垄，钾肥分次施用（钾肥60%作基肥，20%于团棵期追施，20%于园顶期追施），研究起垄方式和钾肥使用方法对烟叶内中性致香物质含量的影响。结果表明：（1）培土成垄和钾肥分次施用可以使烟叶中性致香物质总量增加，各处理烟叶中类胡萝卜素类、苯丙氨酸类、棕色化产物、新植二烯等致香物质含量均较对照有很大提高，其中以处理⑤最高，其致香物质总量达到了2 042.25 μg/g。（2）钾肥施用方法相同，低起垄培土成垄处理的烟叶中性致香物质总量高于平栽培土成垄处理；起垄方式相同，钾肥分次施用对致香物质总量的影响大于钾肥作基肥1次施入。综合分析认为，各处理对烤烟烟叶内中性致香物质含量的影响由大到小依次为处理⑤处理③处理④处理②处理①。

Английский. In order to provide the technical support for producing high quality of aroma tobacco leaves, flue-cured tobacco in Nanyang was studied under 5 treatments: ① common cultivation (CK), ②ridging by double earthing up after flat planting, applying potassium fertilizer in a once-for-all method, ③ ridging by double earthing up after flat planting, 60% potassium fertilizer applied as basic fertilizer, and 20% potassium fertilzer topdressing at resettling stage, and 20% potassium fertilizer topdessing at dome stage fertilizer two times; ④ ridging by double earthing up after low planting, applying potassium fertilizer in a once-for-all method; ⑤ ridging by double earthing up after low planting, 60% potassium fertilizer applied as basic fertilizer, 20% potassium fertilzer topdressing at resettling stage, and 20% potassium fertilizer topdessing at dome stage on the contents of neutral aroma components. Results showed that: (1) ridging by earthing up after planting and applying potassium fertilizer at different stages could increase the total content of neutral aroma componets. Compared with the common cultivation, the contents of carotenoid, phenylalanine, products of browing reaction and neophytadiene were greatly increased in every treatment, among which the treatment of ⑤ was the highest, the total content reached 2 042.25 μg/g; (2) with the same method of applying potassium fertilizer, the total content of neutral aroma components in the treatment of ridging by low planting was higher than ridging by earthing up after flat planting; by using the same ridging mode, the total content of neutral aroma components in the treatment of applying potassium fertilizer twice was higher than applying potassium fertilizer in a once-for-all method. As far as the factors which influenced the total content of neutral aroma components were concerned, the order of the treatments was ⑤③④②①.