Effects of mutagens on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in groundnut
Muthusamy, A.,Bharathidasan Univ., Tiruchirappalli (India). School of Life Sciences | Vasanth, K.,Bharathidasan Univ., Tiruchirappalli (India). School of Life Sciences | Sivasankari, D.,Bharathidasan Univ., Tiruchirappalli (India). School of Life Sciences | Chandrasekar, B.R.,Bharathidasan Univ., Tiruchirappalli (India). School of Life Sciences | Jayabalan, N.,Bharathidasan Univ., Tiruchirappalli (India). School of Life Sciences
Embryogenic calli (EC) were obtained from hypocotyl explants of Arachis hypogaea cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with 0.5 mg/cubic dm 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The EC were exposed to gamma-radiation (10-50 Gy) or treated with 1-5 mM of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) or sodium azide (SA). The mutated EC were subcultured on embryo induction medium containing 20 mg/cubic dm 2,4-D. Somatic embryos (SE) developed from these calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/cubic dm) and 0.5 mg/cubic dm 2,4-D for maturation. The well-developed embryos were cultured on germination medium consisting of MS salts with 2.0 mg/cubic dm BAP and 0.25 mg/cubic dm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Well-developed plantlets were transferred for hardening and hardened plants produced normal flowers and set viable seeds. The fresh mass of the EC, mean number of SE per explant and regeneration percentage were higher at lower concentrations of mutagens (up to 30 Gy/3 mM). Some abnormalities in regenerated plants were observed, especially variations in leaf shape.
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