The Effect Of Press Wheel Weight And Soil Moisture Content At Sowing On Wheat Emergence And Crop Establishment
2007
Asoodar, M. A., Agricultural Machinery Department, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran, | Bakhshandeh, A.M., Crop Production Department, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, | Afraseabi, H., Agricultural Machinery Department, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran, | Shafeinia, A., Crop Production Department, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University
Seedilng operation under dryland condition is different from irrigated lands, because of the importance of keeping soil moisture for better seedling emergence and crop establishment. That is why press wheels are used in such seeders for increasing seed/soil contact. To investigate the effects of the combination of press wheel weight and soil moisture on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling emergence and crop establishment under dryland farming conditions, a field experiment was conducted at Andika region, which is located on the north of Misjid Solaiman, Khouzistan province, in 2003. A factorial complete block design was applied with three levels of soil moisture 7.1%, 14.3% and 20.6% and four levels of press wheel weight which were 5.4, 8.3, 10.2 and 10.5 kg/cm of press wheel width. Soil physical properties of the seedbed including soil moisture and bulk density were recorded. The rate of seedling emergence was varied by the combination effects of soil moisture and resulted compacted soil under dryland farming. This rate was significantly higher (p≤0.05) where the combination of 14.3% soil moisture and the amount of 5.4kg/cm weight of press wheels was used. The rate of emergence was significantly lower (p≤0.05) where the combination of 20.6% soil moisture and the amount of 10.5 kg/cm weight of press wheel were applied. The rate of 85% seedling emergence was the highest (p≤0.01) where 14.3% of soil moisture was determined, whereas the lowest seedling emergence was measured 60.5% where the amount of soil moisture was 20.6%. Also, the wheel weight of 10.5kg/cm width of press wheel showed the lowest seedling emergence compared to other weights were used. The variable and adjustable wheel weight related to the amount of available soil moisture was shown a better rate of seedling emergence compared to a fixed amount of press wheel weight.
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