Diversity in Saccharum germplasm in Arunachal Pradesh, India
2004
Nair, N.V. (Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (India). Crop Improvement Division) | Vigneswaran, M.
Saccharum germplasm was collected in Lohit and Changlang Districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India, in November 2000. Different morphotypes of S. spontaneum were found in Lohit District. The dwarf and mediumtall forms were mostly present in riverbeds and on the lower plains, while tall forms were growing on elevated slopes and along forest margins. The tall, thick forms of S. spontaneum, growing to over 5 m in height, were particularly interesting. Some were sweet and juicy. S. spontaneum present at higher elevations at Hawa Camp, Udayak Pass and Lalpani showed excellent growth characteristics despite extremely cold conditions and could be a potential source of cold tolerance genes for introgression into cultivated sugarcane. The area from Hawa Pass to Nara in Lohit District is the major area of genetic diversity for S. spontaneum in the India. The tall, thick forms of S. spontaneum present in Lohit represent a distinct class of S. spontaneum. The thick, sweet and juicy forms of S. spontaneum present in the area possibly represent intermediate stages in the evolution from wild to cultivated forms. Seventy-five clones of S. spontaneum and Erianthus spp. were collected from the two districts during this survey
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