[Increase of shugar beet productivity in ecosystems of Central Chernozem Region intensevily polluted by heavy metals]
2007
Vysotskaya, E.A. | Voronin, V.M. | Vysotskij, A.A.
The researches were performed in the Ertilskij district of the Voronezh Region in 2003-2006. The sugar beet variety Ramonskaya Odnosemyannaya-47 and the hybrid F1 Freya was used in the experiences. The sugar beet sowings were placed in 9-course and 7-course rotations after winter wheat that followed weedfree fallow. Soil spot samples were selected at the depth of plow (0-0.3 m) and subsurface (0.3-0.6 m) layers and at the distances of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 m from a road highway. The results were compared with maximum permissible concentration (mg/kg) in soil. Plant samples were selected on the same plots as the soil samples. Heavy metals (HM) in the plant samples were defined in their cindery solutions at atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest HM concentrations were observed in sugar beet plantation soils at a roadside strip at the distance of 0-20 m from a highway. The content of moving Pb increased in 2,6 times in soil under motor transport emissions and Fe, Zn and Co ones increased insignificantly. Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Pb and Nk accumulated in storage roots and Cd and Fe mainly accumulated in leaves. Mineral fertilizers and removal from a road highway more than at 20 m had maximal effect on leaf-area duration of sugar beet. Close dear (0-20 m) sheet surface developed less intensively. The degree of toxic element content in storage roots of sugar beet was in some times less, than in its leaves. The raised HМ concentrations reduced technological qualities of storage roots of Ramonskaya Odnosemyannaya-47, increasing the content of nitrogen and sugar losses. The hybrid Freya is rather tolerant to HМ content in plants, therefore its technological qualities were better. Sugar output of this hybrid was higher on 20.2 ton per hectare than the one of the variety Ramonskaya Odnosemyannaya-47.
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