Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos and monitoring the genetic fidelity of regenerated plants in grapevine
Yang, X.M.,Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou (China). Crop Inst. | An, L.Z.,Lanzhou Univ. (China). School of Life Sciences | Xiong, Y.C.,Lanzhou Univ. (China). School of Life Sciences | Zhang, J.P.,Lanzhou Univ. (China). School of Life Sciences | Li, Y.,Lanzhou Univ. (China). School of Life Sciences | Xu, S.J.,Lanzhou Univ. (China). School of Life Sciences
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were successfully established on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium from immature zygotic embryos of six genotypes of Vitis vinifera. The optimum hormone combinations were 1.0 mg/cubic dm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction and 1.0 mg/cubic dm alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) + 0.5 mg/cubic dm 6-benzyladenine (BA) for embryos production and 0.03 mg/cubic dm NAA + 0.5 mg/cubic dm BA for embryos conversion and plant regeneration. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis varied from 10.5 to 37.5% among six genotypes and 15.5-42.1% of somatic embryos converted into normal plantlets. The analysis of DNA content determined by flow cytometry and chromosome counting of the regenerated plantlets clearly indicated that no ploidy changes were induced during somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration, the nuclear DNA content and ploidy levels of the regenerated plants were stable and homogeneous to those of the donor plants. RAPD markers were also used to evaluate the genetic fidelity of plants regenerated from somatic embryos. All RAPD profiles from regenerated plants were monomorphic and similar to those of the field grown donor plants. We conclude that somaclonal variation is almost absent in our grapevine plant regeneration system.
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