Effect of crop management variety, harvest time, and moisture content on fissure occurrence and milling yield of rice
2007
Tibayan, P.A. | Aquino, D.V. | Mamucod, H.F. | Regalado, M.J.C. | Camus, R.D. | Dela Cruz, J.A. | Bandonill, E.H., Philippine Rice Research Inst., Maligaya, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines)
To a farmer, grain quality refers to the characteristic of seed as planting material while to a miller, it pertains to the milling property of the grain. Because rice of good quality commands a higher price in the market, it is important to know the various factors such as crop management, variety, harvest time and moisture content that can affect its quality. Seven fertilizer types, eight rice varieties grown during the 2006 wet season, three harvesting times, and two planting methods were evaluated. The least number of fissured grains was observed in set-up using T6-Commercial Organic Fertilizer (COF)at 5 days after harvest (5 DAH) while the most noted in T1- No Fertilizer (NF) at 5 days before harvest (5 DBH). Percent milled rice (MR) did not vary much among fertilizers used. During actual harvest (AH), higher percent head rice (HR) was observed in setup using T2- Rice Straw (RS), T3-RS with effective microorganism inoculant (EMI), and T7- inorganic fertilizer (NPK) due to higher nitrogen uptake. On the other hand, lower yields were observed in setups usi8ng organic fertilizers such as T5-carbonized rice hull (CRH) and T6-COF, more so in T1-NF. Percent HR of the variety PJ27 was highest (62.14 percent) but lowest in PH21 (39.43 percent) during AH. The highest number of fissured grains (3.33) in V3-PJ21 correlated to its lowest HR yield (34.93 percent). Significantly higher fissure occurrence was noted in samples planted using the direct-seeding (DS) method than those in transplanting (TP) method during AH and 5D AH. This resulted in lower HR yields. Early harvesting therefore led to lower MR and HR yields while more fissured grains were observed in fresh samples due to their higher MC in the TP method and among fertilizers during AH and 5D AH. However, the opposite was observed among rice varieties and DS method.
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