Productivity and seed quality of modern and traditional soybean (Glycine max (L.)] Merr.) under biodynamic, organic and chemical production practices in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
2006
Lee Doug Tung, Philippines Univ. Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines)
The experiment was conducted in the Mekong Delta during 2005 wet season to compare soybean productivity, seed quality and economics of 'OMDN111' (modern) and 'Namvang' (traditional) under four production practices: organic (cow manure at 40-105-10 kg/ha and selected botanicals); biodynamic (biodynamic preparations and calendar); chemical (chemical fertilizers at 40-60-30 kg/ha and insecticide) and control (no fertilizer and pesticide). Results showed that 'Namvang' had smaller seeds but had 21% higher seed yield, and better seed quality (germination, vigor at harvest and after 6 weeks storage), higher protein content than OMDN111. A highest advantage was under organic production practices. Variety differences were consistent for most parameters. In general, organic treatments gave highest seed yield but not significantly different from chemical, highest increase in soil organic matter, earthworm population, seed quality and had the greatest net return. Biodynamic was a close second or third in general performance but was not significant in seed yield number of filled pods, leaf area index and nodule fresh weight with organic and chemical. Chemical treatment has lowest earthworm population. It is a first attempt to study biodynamics in the area, but its performance was highly encouraging considering that is a zero fertilizer and pesticide approach. Economic returns of biodynamics practices also gave positive net return and same close with organic and chemical. The circular chromatography close with organic and chemical. The circular chromatography pattern of the seed gave indicative differences between varieties and among production practices with organic and biodynamic showing greater biological complexity and enzyme activity.
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