Cambio estructural en la agricultura colombiana y su relación con las políticas agrarias 1980-2005. Un análisis a la luz del proceso europeo
2006
Hurtado, C.
We present the analysis of the structural changes in the Colombian agriculture occurred from 1980 to 2005. It shows a concentration of agricultural surface, an excessive use of pastures and the decrease of forests and agriculture surface, where traditional-transitory crops are losing ground as permanent crops are gaining. Direct effects on rural employment are low incomes and the increase of low productivity farming activities. Economically active rural population is diminishing because of emigration to urban centres, partly due to the intensification of the armed conflict in rural areas. The changes happened at a departmental level are shown by the cluster analysis. The result is 7 clusters showing that centre and west counties of the country present a minor concentration in the dimension of land, minor use in pastures, and major orientation to farming activities. In contrast, the Atlantic coast counties and the region of the Orinoquia present a higher land concentration, a greater use of pastures and a little orientation to farming activities. The analysis separates two groups (one county each) characterized by commercial crops. Finally, the analysis of dynamic variables shows the main trends in this period of time, in which farm size is being reduced (minifundización) in the areas of peasant agriculture; farm land is becoming more concentrated and oriented to pastures and some regions are specialized in commercial crops for the International market. Furthermore, the analysis shows the advance of the "agricultural boundary", as the peasants expand their activity towards territories with a high biodiversity even if they are not suitable for farming. All these factors feed the social conflicts without neither the society nor the State undertaking a policy to drive structural changes in the Colombian agriculture
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