Alimentary risk factors of osteoporosis
2009
Kodentsova, V.M. | Vrzhesinskaya, O.A. | Svetikova, A.A. | Kaganov, B.S., Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). Research and Development Inst. of Nutrition
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeleton disease, declaring itself in decrease of bone weight and microarchitectonics abnormalities of bone tissue that results in bone fragility. Nonmodified risk factors of OP are a genetic predilection, hormonal status, old age. Modified ones are a lower physical activity, body weight of less than 56 kg, cacoethes (smoking, alcohol and coffee abuse), and also alimentary factors. It is necessary to take adequately Ca, the vitamins D3 and K for keeping mineral density of bone tissue (MDBT) optimal. The vitamins C, B2 and B6 play also an important part in Ca metabolism. Diets with lower protein content decrease MDBT. The correlation between Ca and P has to be 1:1, otherwise P surplus obstructs Ca digestion. Phosphorus surplus is noted in a modern peoples ration. Lowered K intake (below 0.0015 kg daily) results in Ca renal excretion and MDBT decrease. On the contrary, Na intake increases bone resorption. Table salt consumption has to be no more than 0.0024 kg daily to avoid Na negative effect on MDBT. Cu, Zn and Mn are also necessary for bone tissue to be normal. Calcium deficiency leads not only to OP, but also to cardiovascular diseases, specifically to hypertension. In different countries Ca food intake has a tendency to lower. In Russia it has decreased from 0.000818 kg in1980 to 0.000560 kg in 2003. About 80% of Russian population incur Ca deficiency. Deficiency of the vitamins C, B1, B2 and A is also expressed in nutrient of Russian population. Patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal tract pathologies need to have a ration enriched in Ca and the vitamins of B group, C and D.
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