Biopreparations against plant disease causative agents in the Western Siberia

The biopreparations Vermikulen, Khetomin and Batsillin (BT) and their effects on fungi which cause potato and raspberry diseases (Rhyzoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Didymella applanata), are studied at field and laboratory conditions. These pathogens are mostly widespread in the Western Siberia. Vermikulen is developed at the base of the strain RK-1-3 of Penicillium vermiculatum fungus (Talaromyces flavus is an ascigerous stage) and it is tested at the powder and liquid culture forms (the titer is 10E-9 colony-forming units (CFU) per milli l). Khetomin is done at the base of the strain KhK-1-4 of Chaetomium olivaceum and is tested at the powder form (the titer is 10E-7 CFU/ ml). BT is developed at the base of the strain B-5 of Bacillus licheniformis and it is tested at the powder and liquid culture form (the titer 10E-10 CFU/ml). The preparation suspensions have been added into nutrient mediums in concentrations of 0.125-1.000% at 36-37 deg C. The fragments which have been cut off the pathogen colonies are placed to the nutrient mediums. The optimal concentration to inhibit pathogen growth is determined as 0.5%. BT has inhibited the pathogens by 77-87% on the 7 day (the maximum meaning among the preparations). The field experiments in the Novosibirsk Region have included tuber treatment by the 0.5% preparations (wetting during 0.5 h) and vegetative plant spraying (at a rate of 300 l/ha for potato and of 1000 l/ha for raspberry). Vermikulen and Khetomin applying for potato plantation during 2 years has increased the yield by 20% at the average and also a big fraction of the yield. The sclerotium index has decreased from 0.8 to 0.4-0.6 after planting the tubers infected by bare patch less than at threshold meanings. No infected tubers are found after applying of the qualitative planting material (the share is 6% without treatment). The 3 preparations have increased raspberry infection by spur blight (in 2 and more times) and have prevented deep stem damage. The number of infected plants after biopreparation treatment has decreased in 1.6-1.9 times; the infection has not exceeded the economical threshold of injury (25%). Yield additions after treatment have been composed 200-600 kg per ha in compare with the control meanings. The conclusion is that BT is the most effective among the studied preparations.