Activity of calcium in plantings of dwarfing apples
2008
Pugachiev, G.N. | Dubovik, V.A. | Trunov, I.A.
Mulching optimizes calcium rotations of apple, increasing Ca2+ availability and growth of active roots. The optimum doze of lime is determined, by this dose growth of active roots increases, it is optimized the content of minerals in leaves, raised calcium content in fruits. It is shown, that accumulation of calcium in fruits depends on a water rotation in apple leaves. Fine-dyspersated watering, optimizing a water mode, promotes not only for accumulating of calcium in fruits and leaves, but also considerably increases productivity of apples. Content of calcium in orchards grafted on dwarfing clonal apple rootstocks is insufficient. So, in a meter layer of leached chernozem (LC) the content of exchangeable Ca is maximum 16,5; of meadow-chernozem (MC) soil is 18,0 milliequivalent/100 g soil, the one in leaves of the trees growing on LC is 1,5 %; MC is 1,1 %. Activity of Ca in MC soil during vegetation changed mote significant, than in LC. Equal moistening of soil during vegetation stabilizes activity of Ca and growth of soaking roots. The drought and frosts, blocking growth of soaking roots, reduce accumulation of Ca in apple fruits. Insufficient Ca supply and increasing of hydrolytic acidity of chernozems cause necessity of lime application in apple orchards.Liming in a doze of 1,0 hydrolitic acidicity (Ha) raises the contents of Ca in fruits on average 20 %, increasing growth of soaking (active) roots, water-holding capacity and water content in leaves. Dozes 1,5 and 2,0 Ha, on the contrary, reduce the specified parameters in the greater degree at winter apple grades. Accumulation of calcium in fruits is connected with to increasing of transpiration of leaves because of decreasing their water-holding capacity. Fine-dyspersated irrigation, optimizing a water mode of trees crones, promotes increase of calcium contents in apple fruits up to 32,6 %. Mulching of apple row strips is economically sound. By using of wood sawdust as mulching material the level of profitability raises in 2,8 times. Liming in high dozes (1,5 and 2,0 Hf) reduces economic efficiency, applying in small amounts (2/3 and 1,0 Ha) practically does not influence on profitability of apple fruit production
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