[Ecological and biological aspects of productivity increase of agrophytocoenosis in the Lower Volga region [Use of green manure crops]]
2009
Grigorenkova, E.N. | Puchikov, M.Yu. | Rezk, M.E.Eh.S.
The monograph substantiates using of green manure (GM) crops to reclaim and save soil fertility in the arid area of Lower Volga. Analysis of environmental conditions shows that thermal resources make possible to receive high yields of annual legumes, such as Vicia, Trifolium resupinatum, Trifolium alexandrinum, Melilotus annuum and Trigonella. Field experiments have proved that on irrigated meadow soils the most productive plants are vetch Tadzhikskaya 60, Persian clover Vakhshskij 3 and Egyptian clover Vakhshskij 1. Biological features and productivity of the these promising GM are presented. A vegetation period of the GM varies from 49 days (T. resupinatum) to 65 days (Trigonella). Egyptian clover provided maximum yield of green and dry mass (33 600 and 6 800 kg/ha respectively). The crop has formed 2 700 kg of root mass additionally and the total amount of organic fertilizer has been composed 36 300 kg/ha. It is found out that the named GM crops improve soil aggregate composition by 0.07-0.16%, decrease volume weight by 0.06-0.09% and increase humus content by 0.17-0.18%. Field weediness is 37-64% after growing and tillage of GM. Soil biological activity (a parameter of organic compound decomposition) is higher by 4.9-10.9% after GM tillage. GM applying can increase corn yields up to 2800-3400, sorghum ones up to 1400-2400, wheat ones up to 3000-3200 and triticale ones up to 3800-4000 kg/ha. Combination of grain crops with T. alexandrinum is a way to achieve of the highest energy effectiveness.
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