Breeding progress in grain yield and quality of winter wheat cultivars | Selekčný pokrok v úrode a v kvalite zrna odrôd pšenice letnej f. ozimnej
2009
Užík, M., Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany (Slovak Republic) | Žofajová, A., Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany (Slovak Republic) | Hanková, A., Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany (Slovak Republic)
With the aim to investigate breeding progress in grain yield and the quality of new local and foreign winter wheat cultivars in comparison to cultivar Viginta (registered in 1984) and their reaction to different N rates, four individual field experiments were established. Cultivar Viginta and four different cultivars were included in each experiment, in all 17 cultivars. Experiments 1 and 2 were established in six fertilisation variants with increasing N rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 150 kg per ha) combined with PK fertilisers, experiments 3 and 4 were on the similar variants of N rates without PK fertilisers. Mineral N nutrition was highly effective. As optimal and economic effective N rates for grain yield were from 40 to 80 kg per ha, which increased grain yield compared to 45 years of non fertilised control variant on 170%. The modern cultivars responded to N fertilisation more positively than cultivar Viginta. A minimal rate from 80 to 120 kg N per ha is required to guarantee quality parameters for food utilisation. N 40 kg per ha increased grain yield, but not quality parameters. In the set of 17 cultivars, none exceeded cultivar Viginta in all the evaluated traits - grain yield, protein content, wet gluten, hardiness, sedimentation index. Breeding progress over the past 20-25 years was manifested only partially - in some cultivars in any trait alternatively, that is breeding progress in grain yield was compensated by decreasing parameters of quality and opposite.
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