Morphological and chemical defenses of dorid nudibranchs | กลไกการป้องกันตัวทางกายภาพและเคมีของทากเปลือยกลุ่ม Dorid
2009
Puntip Wisespongpand(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Fisheries. Department of Marine Science) E-mail:[email protected] | Phatsareenart Nithibenyapisamai(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Fisheries. Department of Marine Science) | Ritthirong Prommas(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Fisheries. Department of Marine Science)
Seven dorid nudibranchs namely, Jorunna funebris, Glossodoris atromarginata, Phyllidiella nigra, Phyllidiella zeylanica, Phyllidiopsis krempfi, Phyllidia varicosa and Phyllidia elegans had morphological defenses by using bright or contrast color pattern of the mantle for warning. Almost of the nudibranchs had the hard mantle consisted of stick of CaCO3 except G. atromarginata which had very tough mantle. The study of digestive organ and stomach contents suggested that J. funebris transferred the spicule of its diet sponge to its mantle for defense. These dorid nudibranchs had an efficiency chemical defenses strategy. They produced the toxic metabolites against fish and artemia. The solvent extracts from theirs mantle showed the potent toxicity. The solvent extracts from the mantle of P. nigra showed potent ichthyotoxicity against Lates calcarifer juvenile. While the solvent extracts of mantle and viscera of J. funebris showed potent toxicity against artemias nauplii. Moreover the nudibranch mantles and crude extracts which put in the squid mantle deterred feeding by causing the fish immediately avoided or rejected the tested feed. This study indicated the dorid nudibanchs had an interesting evolutionary survivorship by using multiple defenses for protect themselves from predator. The knowledge of this study is useful for sustainable management and conserving the nudibranchs.
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