Research progress and tendency in wheat low temperature genotypes

Китайский. 小麦低温基因型是一类具有偏低冠层温度（株温）的小麦，国内外已对它们的生物学特性及其在育种上的应用进行了20多年的研究并取得较大进展。研究证实自然界确有冠层温度偏低的小麦基因型存在；这些具有冷温特征的小麦基因型和其它一般小麦材料相比在一些重要生物学性状上占有优势，尤其代谢功能和细胞结构方面较为突出；在受到干旱、高温或连阴雨胁迫时，它们的一些重要性状的优势地位能够继续保持，具有广幅生态适应性；这些基因型的冠温所以偏低和第二热源温度偏低、植株活力较好密切相关；它们偏低的株温可以遗传，通过和其它小麦材料杂交，能对后代的温度状态产生较好影响，尤其小麦冷温供体――冷源的发现，更为产量又高又稳且质优质稳的小麦低温品种的培育创造了良好条件。小麦低温基因型的研究具有重要意义，其应用前途十分广阔。

Английский. Low temperature wheat genotypes are a group of wheat with a slightly low canopy （plant） temperature and the research on their biological characters and utilization in wheat breeding has been done at home and abroad for more than 20 years, making great progress. The research contents and advances include the.following respects： wheat genotypes with slightly low canopy temperature have been verified to exist in nature; these wheat genotypes, which present cold temperature, are superior to conventional wheat materials in some important biological characters and particularly prominently so in metabolic function and cellular structure; when they suffer such stresses as drought, high temperature and overcast and rainy weather they still keep on their superiority in some of their important biological characters so that they have a wide range of ecological adaptability; slightly low canopy temperatures of these genotypes are closely correlated with low temperatures of their second heat sources and their vigorous plants; because their low canopy temperatures can be inherited, they can exert favorable influence on the temperatures of their offspring while crossing with other wheat materials, and in particular the discovery of coldness-source wheat--contributor to low temperature, has further formed good conditions for breeding high-quality low temperature wheat varieties with a high and stable yield. Therefore, low temperature wheat genotypes are of great research importance and have a great prospect.