Effect of the ethylene on the peach fruit quality and relative physiological mechanism during the MA storage and shelf life | 乙烯对桃果实MA贮藏期和货架期品质及有关生理机制的影响

Китайский. 研究乙烯对自发气调贮藏（MA）期间和货架期桃果实品质的影响。以“大久保”桃为试验材料，测定了4种不同处理（未经外源乙烯处理聚乙烯袋（PE袋）贮藏，5～10 μL/L外源乙烯处理，10～20 μL/L外源乙烯处理，1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理)及对照（PE打孔塑料袋贮藏），对MA贮藏期间和出库后20 ℃下货架期3 d桃果实腐烂指数、硬度、可溶性固形物（SSC）和Vc含量、电导率等品质指标，以及乙烯释放量、呼吸速率变化等的影响。与其他处理相比较，5～10 μL/L外源乙烯处理可以维持桃果实贮藏前期和中期较好的品质，其呼吸正常且较低，乙烯释放量正常，果实可以正常后熟软化，可溶性固形物和Vc含量较高，电导率较高，硬度适中；10～20 μL/L外源乙烯处理与5～10 μL/L外源乙烯处理类似，但其腐烂指数高于5～10 μL/L外源乙烯处理；1-MCP处理桃果实贮藏期和货架期3 d乙烯高峰出现晚，且峰值较其他处理低，呼吸速率较低，可溶性固形物和Vc含量较高，电导率较低，贮藏后期出现不可逆硬化现象，即使回温后桃果实也无法正常后熟软化；PE袋密封处理效果比对照稍强，腐烂较轻，呼吸速率和乙烯释放量较低，Vc含量和SSC含量不高，贮藏后期品质变差；对照处理效果最差，腐烂最严重，呼吸速率很低，乙烯释放量较低，Vc和SSC含量不高，贮藏后期品质最差。5～10 μL/L外源乙烯处理效果最佳，在贮藏前期和中期较好地保持了桃果实的品质。

Английский. The study was to research the relationship between the ethylene and the chilling injury ‘Okubo’ peach fruit was used as our materials. Four different treatments (polyethylene packaging without ethylene treatment; 5C10 μL/L exogenous ethylene treatment; 10C20 μL/L exogenous ethylene treatment; 1-methylcyclopropene treatment and polyethylene packaging with ten holes) were devised in low temperature MA (modified atmosphere) storage stage and 20 ℃ shelf life stage. We evaluated the effects of these treatments on the rot velocity, firmness, soluble solid content, Vc content, conductance, ethylene production and respiration intensity change. The results showed that 5C10 μL/L exogenous ethylene treatment can keep the fine quality of peach fruit until the middle stage of the MA storage, keep its normal respiration and ethylene release, higher soluble solid and Vc content, higher membrane permeability, and lower firmness; 10C20 μL/L exogenous ethylene treatment was similar to the 5C10 μL/L exogenous ethylene treatment, but its rot velocity rate was higher than the 5C10 μL/L exogenous ethylene treatment; 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) treatment had a later lower ethylene release fastigium than other treatments during the MA storage and 3-day shelf life, and it had a lower respiration velocity, lower membrane permeability, a higher soluble solid and Vc content. 1-MCP treatment lost the ability of normal softening even at 20 ℃ at the late period of storage. The airtight PE treatment was better than CK, its rot velocity was lower, its respiration intensity and ethylene release were lower, and its Vc and SSc content were low, its quality was worse during the MA late storage. The impact of the comparison CS was the worst, its rot velocity was the highest, its respiration intensity and ethylene release were the lowest, and its Vc and SSC content were low, so its quality was the worst during the late MA storage. In a word, 5C10 μL/L exogenous ethylene treatment was the best, and it can keep the peach fruit excellent quality during the front and middle storage.