Study on zinc efficiency of different wheat cultivars under the chelator-buffered nutrient solution culture conditions | 螯合-缓冲营养液培养条件下不同小麦品种的锌效率比较

Китайский. 比较不同小麦品种的Zn效率，为Zn高效小麦品种的筛选提供参考。以9种面包型小麦（渭丰151、陕715、郑麦9023、中育6号、小偃22、武农148、小偃216、西农889和远丰175）为供试材料，以黑麦（Secale cereale）为对照，采用螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法，设不供锌（－Zn）和供锌（＋Zn，3 μmol/L）2种处理，进行为期35 d的水培试验，测定小麦叶片SOD活性、生物量、植株样品Zn含量及种子Zn含量。培养2周后，缺Zn条件下9个小麦品种植株均出现典型的缺Zn症状，并且缺Zn症状随着培养时间的延长而加重。缺Zn导致小麦地上部干质量大幅度下降，而根系所受的影响相对较小；6个小麦品种（渭丰151、郑麦9023、远丰175、小偃22、西农889和中育6号）在供Zn时其地上部干质量接近，但在缺Zn时差异很大。9个小麦品种的Zn效率为23.6%～46.3%，远低于黑麦的Zn效率（81.4%）。供Zn后，小麦植株地上部Zn含量和Zn吸收量均显著提高，但黑麦地上部Zn含量变化不大。缺Zn时小麦Zn效率与植株地上部Zn吸收量之间存在显著正相关关系，但与植株地上部Zn含量无明显相关性；Zn效率与种子Zn含量和Zn总量之间均不存在显著相关性。面包型小麦的耐缺Zn性存在较大的基因型差异，Zn效率可以作为筛选面包型小麦耐缺Zn性的一个可靠指标。

Английский. Comparing Zn efficiency of different wheat cultivars can provide reference for screening Zn-_efficient wheat cultivars. Nine bread wheat (WF151, S715, ZM9023, ZY6, XY22, WN148, XY216, XN889, YF175) cultivars and one rye cultivar (Secale cereale, control) were grown in chelator-buffered nutrient solution for 35 d with (+Zn, 3 μmol/L) and without (-Zn）Zn supply, and leaf SOD, wheat biomass, wheat and seed Zn concentration were measured. All of the wheat cultivars showed visual symptoms of Zn deficiency under no Zn supply after two weeks of culture, and the symptoms became more serious with time. Zn deficiency resulted in a marked decrease in shoot dry weight, but it had relatively slighter influence on root. Six cultivars (WF151, ZM9023, YF175, XY22, XN889, ZY6) were similar in shoot dry weight under Zn supply, however, they showed great variation under Zn deficiency. The Zn efficiency of the nine wheat cultivars ranged from 23.6% to 46.3%, which was greatly lower than the Zn efficiency of rye (81.4%). Under adequate Zn supply, Zn concentration and Zn content in shoots were significantly increased, but Zn concentration in rye shoots did not change much. There was a very significant positive correlation between Zn content and Zn efficiency in shoots of wheat cultivars under no Zn supply, but Zn concentration in shoots was not significantly correlated with Zn efficiency, at the same time, there was not a significant correlation between Zn efficiency and Zn concentration or Zn content in seeds. The results of the present study showed existence of a large variation in tolerance to Zn deficiency in bread wheat, suggesting that Zn efficiency can be used as a reliable plant parameter for screening the bread wheat genotypes for their tolerance to Zn deficiency.