Screening and utilization of two parents in cabbage and identification of hybrid F1 target characters | 2个甘蓝亲本的筛选利用及其F1目标性状鉴定

Китайский. 筛选出优质、抗病、经济性状优良、配合力高的甘蓝自交不亲和系，培育中早熟新品种，并对其抗病性、品质和丰产性进行鉴定。创制出优良育种群体材料，通过多代自交纯合获得的主要性状遗传稳定后，选用不同致病力的芜青花叶病毒（TuMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）毒原和黑腐病（Br）菌原，利用甘蓝抗病性和品质鉴定方法，筛选育成抗病、优质的GB9266-18136和JY0501-13431两个优良自交系，并配制成优良F1品种‘秦甘60’；以‘黑丰’和‘中甘八号’为对照，对‘秦甘60’的目标性状进行比较鉴定。‘秦甘60’品种对 TuMV、Br和CMV病害抗病性强，苗期接种TuMV、CMV毒原和Br菌原的病情指数平均为2.0，1.1和5.4，田间鉴定病情指数病毒病为1.3，黑腐病为3.7；叶球中心柱长6.6 cm，帮叶比26.5%，紧实度0.57 g/cm3，叶质脆甜，产量平均为73.005 3 t/hm2。优良F1‘秦甘60’品种双亲自交不亲和系育种目标性状互补，一代杂种表现出抗病、优质、丰产的综合优良特性。

Английский. The study was to screen superior self-incompatible lines with diseases resistance, good qualities and economic traits, and high combining ability in cabbage. New cultivar was obtained by crossing the above lines and its resistance, quality, and yield were identified. By selecting and crossing two parental lines with desirable traits from each, the initial breeding materials were created. The self-compatible method for more generations was employed to procure pure and stable lines in main characters heredity, followed by identifying its diseases resistance and quality. Seedling screening was used in resistance identification to TuMV (Turnip mosaic virus), CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) and Br (Block rot) and heading ability in quality. Finally inbred lines with high quality and multiple disease resistance were bred, named GB9266-18136 and JY0501-13431 respectively and they were used as parental lines to develop new hybrid cultivar ‘Qingan 60’，‘Heifeng’and‘Zhonggan 8’of the control. The cultivar‘Qingan 60’ displayed high resistance to TuMV, CMV and Br. Average diseases index 2.0, 1.1, and 5.4 were obtained to TuMV, CMV and Br pathogens by artificial inoculation at seedling respectively 1.3 and 3.7 from filed natural occurrence. Its central axis is 6.6 cm in height, petiole leaf ratio 26.5%,compactness index 0.57 g/cm3, and the leaf is crisp and taste sweet. Its yield surpasses 73.005 3 t/hm2. Qingan 60 is a F1 hybrid with disease-resistance, good quality and high yield.