Effect of microenvironment of bagging on appearance quality of ‘Cuiguan’ pears | 套袋微环境对‘翠冠’梨果实外观品质的影响

Китайский. 明确了不同果袋套袋对梨果皮厚度、果点数量与直径、锈斑指数及外观色泽度的影响，探讨套袋微环境的温湿度变化规律及其与外观品质的相关性，为套袋栽培技术的进一步优化提供参考。以‘翠冠’梨为试材，以裸露果实为对照，采用温、湿度自动监测仪进行温湿度测定，研究了以蜡质双层袋（T1）、防水双层袋（T2）、纸+膜双层袋（T3）、防水+腊质双层袋（T4）和普通双层袋（T5）套袋时，套袋微环境对果实外观品质的影响。T1、T2、T3、T4和T5套袋处理时，果袋内的日温差和日湿差分别较裸露果实减少15.44%，1.47%，4.41%，－28.68%，－16.91%和－16.77%，－7.28%，－6.17%，－5.06%，25.00%。综合比较可知，5种果袋套袋处理果实外观品质的排序为T1T4T2T3T5。果袋内日温差、日湿差和相对透光率对果实锈斑指数、果皮厚度、果点直径及亮度指标L*、色度指标a*和b*均有极显著影响(P0.01)，3个环境因素综合作用的排序为日湿差日温差相对透光率。套袋果袋内的微环境对‘翠冠’梨外观品质有一定影响,要生产出外观品质优良的‘翠冠’梨，果袋内的日温差、日湿差和相对光强应分别控制在10.56 ℃，50.89%和4.39%。

Английский. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of bagging on pericarp thickness, fruit dot, rust spot of index, fruit color and luster, study the relationship between bagging microenvironment and fruit appearance quality, and optimize bagging techniques. In the present experiment, five kinds of fruit bags, stencil double-layer bag (T1), glue double-layer bag (T2), plastic pellicleout double-layer bag (T3), stencil and waterproof glue double-layer bag (T4), general double-layer bag (T5) were used to study the effects on Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai ‘Cuiguan’ microenvironments. Compared with non-bagging fruit, the daily temperature difference in five kinds of bags, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, decreased by 15.44%, 1.47%, 4.41%, －28.68%, －16.91% and the humidity difference declined by 16.77%, 7.28%, 6.17%, 5.06%, －25.00% respectively. The index of fruit appearance quality by using five kinds of bag was T1T4T2T3T5. The three kinds of environmental facts, daily temperature and humidity difference, relative light intensity inside the bag had very significant effect on the rust spot of index, pericarp thickness, fruit dot, fruit color, L*, a*, b* of pear. The order of environmental facts should be daily relative temperature differencedaily relative humidity differencerelative light intensity. The microenvironments inside the bags had remarkable effect on the fruit appearance and to produce good fruit of cuiguan, daily temperature and humidity difference, relative light intensity inside the bag should be controlled at 10.56 ℃, 50.89% and 4.39%.