Studies on the antimicrobial effects of Acacia nilotica and Vitex doniana on the thermophilic Campylobacter species
2003
Raii, M.A., Department afVeterinary Pathology and Microbiology; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University . | Adekeye, J.O., Department afVeterinary Pathology and Microbiology; | Kwaga, J.K.P, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine; | Bale, J.O.O., Department of Animal Reproduction,National Animal Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria;
This study investigated the in vitro activity of extracts of Acacia nilotica and Vitex doniana against Campylobacter jejuni. C. coli, and C. laridis isolated from sheep in Zaria and Kaduna. The emergence of Campylobacter strains resistant to most common antibiotics calls for the exploration of new methods for therapeutics against Campylobacter infections. The dried, powdered bark of V. doniana and leaves of A. nilotica were subjected to petroleum ether extraction to remove the fat content. The crude extracts were then dissolved in water and ethanol and later evaporated at low temperature. Water and ethanol crude extracts of A. nilotica and V. doniana were tested on the thermophilic Campylobacter species. The results showed that ethanol extract of A. nilotica had minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 80 mg ml-', while water extract of this same plant had MIC of 250 mg ml-'. However, ethanol extract of V doniana had no inhibitory effects on the Campvlufhlcter species tested. Acacia nilotica and V. doniana were tested at concentrations ranging from 2 to 2OO mg ml' of the extracts. The ethanol extract of A. nilotica at 200 and 20 mg ml-' had inhibitory diameter zones of 6 and 4 mm, respectively. The water extract of the same plant at 200 and 20 mg ml-' had diameters of only 2 and 1 mm, respectively. The V. doniana water and etha:K,j extracts had very little or no inhibitions. This S,UGy 'HIS indicated that extracts of A. nilotica show anlibacterial activities against Campylobacter species isolated from sheep in Zaria and Kaduna.
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