Study on different fertilizer placement effects on Wheat yield in dryland condition.

The deep precision placement of fertilizer encourages deeper rooting and provides a supply of nutrients where available moisture is likely to be present for longer periods. The crop roots tend to envelop the fertilizer band, there by increasing fertilizer use efficiency. This method has been used successfully to plant wheat and barley on Vertisol, Inceptisol and heavy soils. The method of placement nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to the soil for efficient use by crop has been studied for several years. The percent study was conducted for three years in Ghamloo and Sararood dry land agriculture research stations in Kurdistan and Hermanshah provinces to evaluation optimum utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with deep placement method on rainfed winter wheat (var.Sabalan ) cultivation in dry land condition. The experiments were conducted for (2004-007) years in randomized complete design with five treatments consist of 2/3 of nitrogen plus all of phosphorous mixed in seedbed, 1/3 of nitrogen applied as topdres in spring (check), 2/3 nitrogen and all of phosphorous placed 3-6 cm below seed, 1/3 of nitrogen as topdress, 2/3 nitrogen and all of phosphorous placed 6-9 cm below seed, 1/3 of nitrogen as topdress, placement of all fertilizer 3-6 cm below seed and last placement of all fertilizer 6-9 cm below seed. In Ghamloo station results of combined variance analysis revealed that the wheat yield in different years were different becase of difference rate and distribution of precipitation and cold rate of weather in different years. Therefore grain yield in the second year (1789 kg/ha) was highest. Effect of fertilizer placement on wheat grain yield and yield components was significant. So that, highest grain yield (1656 kg/ha), biological yield (5744 kg/ha), spike length (7.02 cm), number of seed per spike (26.8 seed), nitrogen and phosphorous concentration in flag leaf (3.175 and 0.2308 percent respectively) obtaind from placement of all fertilizer 6-9 cm below seed. So, this treatment increased grain yield significantly in wheat by 11.6, 2.2, 10.5, 2.7, 4.6 and 3.4 percents respectively in comparison to check. Also highest protein percent with 11.46 and 11.17 percents belonged to 2/3 nitrogen and all of phosphorous placed 6-9 cm below seed and placement of all fertilizer 3-6 cm below seed treatments. Therefore to pay attention above cases, for obtaining higher grain yield and protein percent of dryland wheat, we recommended placement for total of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers 3-6 centimetr under seed in fall. In Sararood station. Results showed that Effect of fertilizer placement on wheat grain yield spike per plant, spike langth was significant. So that, highest grain yield by 2614 and 2585 kg/ha obtained from check and 2/3 nitrogen and all of phosphorous placed 3-6 cm below seed respectively. Also the mentioned treatments had the highest spike per plant and TKW. There was no significant difference between treatments with topdressing application totally. The lowest grain yield belonged to nitrogen and all of phosphorous placed 6-9 cm below seed by 2235 kg/ha..