Initial phases of natural beech regeneration in the typological unit Fagetum pau per in the Malé Karpaty Mts | Počiatočné fázy prirodzenej obnovy buka v skupine lesných typov Fagetum pauper v Malých Karpatoch
2009
Saniga, M., Technical University in Zvolen (Slovak Republic). Faculty of Forestry | Kraľovič, M.
The paper deals with initial phases of European beech natural regeneration in beech communities belonging to the group of forest types Fagetum pau per in the Malé Karpaty Mts. The weight of beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) seeds gathered from individual plots after a rich crop in 2001 ranged from 1 472 kg per ha to 2 067 kg per ha. The number of germinable seeds varied from 3,868,000 pcs per ha to 5,111,000 pcs per ha. The number of seeds per square m ranged from 611 pcs. to 858 pcs. The average germination rate of beech seeds varied from 61 % to 63%. The lack of soil moisture is a very important factor for seedling mortality in the first years of life. In the compartment 396 that was exposed to drying wind during the last 4 years, high level of mortality was ob served both on the plots with and without soil preparation. Concerning the processes of emergence, survival and growth of seedlings, the best results was observed on the plots with canopy closure level of 75%. In terms of soil preparation, the highest success was obtained by removal of litter and cultivation (digging up) of soil. On the plots with soil cultivation, there were 826000 pcs.ha-1 of 4-year-old beech saplings. On the plots with litter removal, the number of beech individuals was 605000 pcs per ha in 2005. The analysis of initial phases of natural beech regeneration confirmed that the moisture regime is a very important factor for the survival ofbeech seedlings even in the case of a rich seed crop. A suitable moisture regime and a canopy closure level of 70-75% provide suitable conditions for the biological survival of 4-years-old beech saplings without soil preparation. Soil preparation by cultivation (digging up) results in 4 times higher counts of 4-year-old beech saplings than any other experimental variant.
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