Динамика радиологической эффективности калийных удобрений и обеспеченности почв подвижным калием на накопление 137Cs и 90Sr сельскохозяйственными культурами
2008
Putyatin, Yu.V., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry
Research results of the long-term field experiments and dynamuics of changes of the coefficients of radionuclides movement into agricultural crops in the conditions of different soil supply with the mobile potassium were realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Evaluation of the efficiency of potash fertilizer in different periods after Chernobyl catastrophe was realized. The studies of estimation of effectiveness of chalking and its influence on productivity and lowering of radionuclide accumulation by crops were realized on sod-podzolic sandy soils in course of 1993-2006. It was determined that indexes of moving of radiocaesium into crops lowered thanks to immobilization of radiocesium. It depended on soil texture. Application of the increased doses of potash fertilizers slightly enriched with potassium soils caused the lowering of 137Cs transition into plants in 2 times and 90Sr - in 1,5 times. Analysis of the temporal changes of coefficients of 137Cs accumulation by crops showed that efficiency of mobile potash saturation in case of lowering of radiocaesium transition did not stop in course of time irrespective the soil texture. The comparison of the transition coefficients in the conditions of low (81-140 mg/kg) and (200-300 mg/kg) optimal soil supply with potassium K2O it was noticed that the average efficiency of sod-podzolic sandy soil supply with potassium was on 9% higher in 1999-2003 in comparison with 1989-1993 (44 and 34%), with loamy soils on 17% (52 and 35%) and with sandy soils - on 7% (42-35%), respectively. Application of potash fertilizers in doses of K120-180 on the back of NP made it possible to increase crop yields of spring rape (Brassica napus), wheat (Triticum) and lupine (Lupinus) on 16-23% in 1993-1995 (6-31% - NPK120 and 14-40% of NPK180). Accumulation of 137Cs lowed on 18 and 31% after application of K120-180 against the background of NP
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