Eco-toxicity of petroleum-contaminated soil on the growth of soybean

Китайский. 分析石油污染对黄豆的生态毒性。通过盆栽试验，研究了土壤中不同石油烃质量浓度对黄豆幼苗叶绿素、丙二醛（MDA）含量和SOD活性的影响；通过田间试验，探讨了石油污染对黄豆生长性状、籽粒品质和土壤微生物的影响，考察了黄豆不同器官中石油烃的残留量。盆栽试验表明，当土壤中石油烃的质量浓度为3~5 g/kg时，其对黄豆幼苗叶绿素含量、MDA含量和SOD活性影响甚小；当其质量浓度为10 g/kg时，叶绿素含量减少10.8%，MDA含量增加12.4%，SOD活性降低9.8%。田间试验表明，土壤中石油烃的质量浓度为10 g/kg时，黄豆的出苗率、株高、根重及籽粒中的粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量与对照无显著差异，但单株荚数、百粒重、单株产量和生物量较对照分别降低8.1%，10.0%，18.6%和7.7%；当土壤中石油烃的质量浓度由10 g/kg增加到30，50 g/kg时，黄豆根部石油烃残留量由3.15 mg/kg增加到10.64，17.87 mg/kg，黄豆籽粒中的苯并［a］芘含量由4.71 μg/kg上升到5.32，5.59 μg/kg，石油烃对黄豆的生长性状和籽仁品质有明显毒害作用，但对土壤细菌的生长表现出一定的促进作用。黄豆生长土壤中石油烃污染的安全限量为5 g/kg，黄豆不同部位石油烃的残留量表现为根＞茎＞叶＞荚＞籽粒。

Английский. The eco-oxicity of petroleum-contaminated soil to the growth of soybean was analyzed. An experiment in planting soybean in a pot has been carried out to study the effects of petroleum with different concentration on the contents of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and through field experiments, to study the effects of petroleum with different concentration on soybean in respect of its growth indexes, seed quality and microorganism distribution in polluted soil, and to explore petrolic residual quantity in different parts of soybean. The results of the potted plant experiments indicate that the contents of chlorophyll and SOD activities are reduced 10.8% and 9.8%, MDA increases 12.4% in the treatment of 10 g/kg petroleum, which are not significantly affected in the 3―5 g/kg treatment. The results of the feild experiments show that the 10 g/kg of petroleum has no effect on the germination percentage, crude grease and protein contents of soybean, but it makes Plant Pod Numbers, 100-Grain Weight, Plant Yield and Biomass to reduce by 8.1%, 10.0%, 18.6% and 7.7% respectively. When the petroleum concentration in the soil is increased to 30 g/kg, 50 g/kg by the 10 g/kg, petroleum hydrocarbon's residual quantity in the root of soybean is increased 10.64 mg/kg and 17.87 mg/kg by 3.15 mg/kg, BaP content in the seed is increased to 5.32 μg/kg, 5.59 μg/kg from 4.71 μg/kg, they harm obviously for growth indexes, seed quality of soybean, which can promote on the bacteria growth in the soil. For the growth of soybean, the safe capacity of petroleum is 5 g/kg in the soil; the petroleum hydrocarbon's residual quantity in different parts of soybean is root ＞stalk ＞leaf ＞pod＞kernel. _