Research progress on polima A and Shan 2A of cytoplasmic male sterile lines in brassica napus L. | 甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系Polima A和陕2A的研究进展

Китайский. Polima A和陕2A是两个经典实用的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmi cmale sterility,CMS）系，这两个著名的不育系在中国乃至世界油菜杂种优势的研究和利用中发挥了重要作用。有关这两个不育系的研究，过去主要集中在形态解剖学、细胞学、生理生化、遗传学以及杂种优势的利用等方面，近年来，主要集中在分子生物学方面。本文从以上方面对Polima A和陕2A的国内外研究状况进行了综述，介绍了近年来这两个不育系的最新研究进展，以及两个不育系在生产实践中的应用、存在的问题和解决的途径。随着分子生物学技术的不断发展，对这两个不育系的研究将会更加广泛和深入。有关Polima A和陕2A的深入研究，对进一步探索油菜CMS的分子机理，更好地利用这两个不育系为我国油菜科研和生产服务有重要意义。

Английский. Polima A and Shan 2A are two of the classic and effective cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines in Brassica nopus L., and these two famous CMS lines have played very important roles in study and utilization of rapeseed heterosis in China even in the world. In early years, studies on the two CMS lines were mainly focus on the aspects of morphology and anatomy, cytology, physiology and biochemistry, genetics as well as utilization of heterosis. Where as in recent years, studies on them were mainly concentrated on the respect of molecular biology. This paper summarized the study states ofPolima A and Shah 2A at home and abroad from above aspects, and introduced the new research progress on comparison of the two CMS lines in rapeseed in these years and their applications, existent problems and solving approaches in production and practice in rapeseed. With development of techniques of molecular biology, the research progress on the CMS lines in rapeseed will be more abroad and thorough. The further studies on Polima A and Shan 2A will have an important significance to probe into the molecular mechanism of CMS and use the two CMS lines to service for scientific research and production in rapeseed.