Application research of highly effective thermal insulation materials on solar greenhouse back-roof | 高效保温材料在日光温室后屋面中的应用研究

Китайский. 分析高效保温材料的热工性能，并测试其在日光温室后屋面中的应用效果，为日光温室后屋面保温节能材料的优选提供依据。以聚苯板、挤塑板、玻璃棉及常规材料干草帘作为后屋面保温层材料，分析其热工性能及热经济性能，并应用于日光温室后屋面，通过温室内外温度变化、热量传递及植物生长情况评价其保温性能。挤塑板的各项热工性能指标较优，其温室热惰性指标为2.59，技术经济特征量为29.26 (元•W)/(m4•K)，以其作为后屋面保温层的3#日光温室内气温、土温均较高，后屋面外表面夜间放热总量602.92 kJ/m2，低于其他温室，其内西葫芦定植后前期各项生长指标与常规后屋面材料温室间存在显著差异，其产量达38 847 kg/hm2。聚苯板技术经济特征量也较低，保温性能次之；玻璃棉由于附加抗压层而导致应用成本提高，常规材料干草帘的保温性最差。挤塑板具有良好的热工及保温性能，较适合用于日光温室后屋面保温层。

Английский. We analyzed the thermal performance of highly effective thermal insulation materials and tested the application effect of solar greenhouse when it was used to construct the back-roof, in order to provide evidence for the optimization of solar greenhouse energy saving and thermoinsulating materials. With polystyrene board, polystyrene compressed foam board, glass wool and hay curtain as back-roof thermoinsulating layer materials, we analyzed the thermal performance and thermal economic performance, and applied them to solar greenhouse back-roof, and evaluated the thermal insulation performance by internal and external temperature variation of greenhouse, heat transfer, plant growth situation. All of thermal performances of polystyrene compressed foam board were good, the greenhouse thermal inert index was 2.59, technical economic characteristic quantity was 29.26 (yuan•W)/(m4•K). The 3# greenhouse whose back-roof thermoinsulating layer was composed by polystyrene compressed foam board presented higher air temperature and soil temperature inside, and the outer surface of back-roof released heat was 602.92 kJ/m2, less than other greenhouse. The pumpkin growth indexes of 3# greenhouse were significantly different compared with common greenhouse’s at early growth stage after field planting, its yield reaching 38 847 kg/hm2. The technical economic characteristic quantity of polystyrene board was slightly lower than polystyrene compressed foam board’s, and so was the thermal insulation performance. The application cost of glass wool increased because of the additional compression resistance layer, and the thermal insulation performance of common greenhouse was the worst. The polystyrene compressed foam board is more suitable for application of solar greenhouse back roof because of its excellent thermal insulation performance.