Effects of soil fertilization on soil chemical properties and tobacco quality | 培肥对烟田土壤化学性质及烟草品质的影响

Китайский. 针对烟田连作中土壤肥力下降、烟叶品质降低的问题，研究不同培肥措施对烟田土壤和烟草品质的影响，从中筛选最佳培肥模式，为陕西渭北旱塬地区烤烟生产提供依据。于2008年在陕西陇县以秦烟96为供试材料，以不施肥为对照，测定不同培肥措施（化肥、烟草专用肥、有机肥、有机肥+化肥）下烟田土壤化学性质、烟株农艺性状、烟叶品质的变化,并对土壤化学性质与烟株农艺性状和烟叶品质的相关性进行分析。有机-肥+化肥处理的烟田土壤化学性质得到较大改善，有机质含量增幅达到38.3%，烟株长势好，增加了烟株的株高、叶数、茎围、节距、最大叶长和最大叶宽，提升了烟叶品质。相关分析表明，培肥后土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量与烟草农艺性状各项指标呈显著或极显著正相关，土壤速效钾含量与烟叶烟碱、氮、钾含量呈显著或极显著正相关。烟田培肥不仅提高了土壤肥力，而且改善了烟草品质，其中有机肥+化肥是研究区烟田土壤较优的培肥模式；提高土壤速效钾含量是提升烟叶钾含量和烟叶品质的主要措施之一。

Английский. In view of the decrease in tobacco quality and soil fertility in continuous cropping tobacco field, we studied the effect of fertilization on soil and tobacoo qualities, and selected the optimum fertilization model to provide evidence for flue-cured tobacco production in Weibei dryland of Shaanxi province. With Qinyan96 as the tobacco species tested in Longxian Shaanxi province in 2008, and no fertilizer as control treatment, the agronomical character and the quality of tobacco, soil physic-chemical properties of different fertilizing steps (chemical fertilizer, tobacco-specific fertilizer, organic manure, organic manure and chemical fertilizer) were analyzed, meanwhile the data were finished by the correlation and differential analysis. The agronomical character of tobacco, soil fertility and quality of tobacco after applying organic manure＋chemical fertilizer was improved. The organic matter increased to 38.3%, the quality of tobacco was improved because the tobacco height, leaf numbers, stem girth, knot length, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width were increased. There were significant or remarkably significant positive correlations between organic, alkali N, available P of soils and agronomical characters of tobaccos, and the same to the available K in soil and nicotine, nitrogen and potassi in tobacco. Soil fertility and tobacco quality were synchronized after appling fertilizers, and organic manure＋chemical fertilizer is a better fertilizing model in Shaanxi Province. Soil available K is one of the major ways to improve tobacco quality.