Effects of different fertilization treatments on yield of cucumber and the soil nitrate-N content in solar greenhouse | 不同施肥处理对日光温室黄瓜产量和土壤NO－3-N含量的影响

Китайский. NO－3-N含量及黄瓜产量、总干物质量、氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率。温室1和2中150%N处理土壤NO－3-N含量的平均值分别较OPT处理提高了10.0%和20.0%。温室1、2 中OPT处理的黄瓜产量最高,达到135 和169 t/hm2，分别较其CK、50%N处理增加了61.1%和8.0%，24.5%和4.8%；OPT处理黄瓜的总干物质量也较高，为5.6和10.3 t/hm2，分别较其CK、50%N处理提高了17.9%和43.1%，3.0%和34.3%；OPT处理黄瓜的氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率均最高，分别为8.8%和16.8%，76和16 kg/kg,有利于减少土壤氮素累积。温室1、2中150%N处理黄瓜的产量、氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率较OPT处理分别降低了14.9%和2.1%，76.1%和67.3%，56.2%和52.5%。当日光温室黄瓜目标产量为120～140 t/hm2时，最适施N量为675~788 kg/hm2（目标产量对应N肥用量减去测定的土壤NO－3-N含量），这可以兼顾产量和经济投入。

Английский. The experiment was done to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on yield of cucumber and the soil nitrate-N content in solar greenhouse in order to supply theoretical basis for proper fertilization of cucumber cultivated in solar greenhouse. The experiment chose two solar greenhouses and each with 5 treatments: control treatment (CK) with no inorganic fertilizer; optimum fertilization treatment (OPT)(Solar greenhouse 1, N 675 kg/hm2, P2O5 171 kg/hm2, K2O 810 kg/hm2; Solar greenhouse 2, N 788 kg/hm2, P2O5 200 kg/hm2, K2O 945 kg/hm2); 50%OPT, the amount of N was 50% of OPT and the amounts of P2O5, K2O were similar to that of OPT; 150% OPT, the amount of N was 150% of OPT and the amounts of P2O5, K2O were similar to that of OPT, farmer practice (FP) (Solar greenhouse 1, N 848 kg/hm2, P2O5 277 kg/hm2, K2O 1 307 kg/hm2; Solar greenhouse 2, N 884 kg/hm2, P2O5 338 kg/hm2, K2O 1 249 kg/hm2). The soil NO－3-N content, cucumber yield, dry matter, N use and N agronomy efficiency were measured. The soil NO－3-N average content of 150% in solar greenhouse 1 and solar greenhouse 2 was 10.0% and 20.0% higher than that of OPT. Cucumber yield (135 and 169 t/hm2) of OPT in solar greenhouse 1 and solar greenhouse 2 was the most, 61.1% and 8.0%, 24.5% and 4.8% higher than that of to CK, 50%N. The amount of dry matter (5.6 and 10.3 t/hm2), N use efficiency (8.8% and 16.8%) and N agronomy efficiency (76 and 16 kg/kg) of OPT in solar greenhouse 1 and solar greenhouse 2 were the most. The amount of dry matter in OPT was 17.9% and 43.1%, 3.0% and 34.3% higher than the CK, 50%N. Cucumber yield was 14.9%, 2.1% lower than that of OPT, N use efficiency 76.1% and 67.3% lower than that of OPT and N agronomy efficiency 56.2%, 52.5% lower than that of OPT of 150%N treatment for solar greenhouse 1 and solar greenhouse 2. The optimum nitrogen is 675－788 kg/hm2 when the target yields of cucumber in solar greenhouse are 120－140 t/hm2,which can obtain the best economic benefit and output.